我省五年发展之思想道德建设篇:铸牢振兴发展...
| ?????? | |
|---|---|
 | |
| ???? ??? | ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? |
| ???????? | ????????? ?????? ?-????????? ??????????[?] |
| ??? | ??????????, ?????????? |
| ??????? | ??????????? ????? ??????????? |
| ???? | ????? ??????, ???????? ??????, ????????? ???????, ???????? |
| ????? | ?? ???????? |
?????? ?? ?????????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????, ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????, ?? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????????? ????? ????????? ??? ????[?] ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? [?] ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????[?] ?????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ??? ??? ???????????? ???? ????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????????[?]
????????????? ???? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ????????, ?????? ?-????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ???? ????[?][?] ????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????-?????????? ? ???????????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????, ?????, ???????? ????? ???????, ???????? ??????????, ???, ??? ???????? ?????, ?????????, ????, ??????, ????? ?????????, ??? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????????? (????? ???????, ???????????? ? ????????????? ??????????) ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????????[?]
????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ? ?-???????????? ?????????? ????? ????????????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????-??????? ? ?????-????????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????
??????????
[????????]
?????? ?????????? (Christmas) ?????? "????????? ??? (????)" ??????????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? Christemasse ? ??? ?????? Cristes m?sse ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? "Cristes" ?????? ???? ????? Christos ??? "m?sse" ?????? ????? missa (?????? ????) ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? Χ (??) ?? Christ ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? X-?? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????[?] ?? ????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????
??????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ??????: "?? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???"?[?]
????? ??????? "??????" ???????? ???????? ???? ???????????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?. ???????? ??? ????,
"???????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???????" "???? ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ? ????? ????? ?????, ??????????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ??????"
???? ??? ????,
"????? ? ???? ???? ?????????? ??? ? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????????? ??????" "?????? ???? ????????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ??? ??? ?????????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????"[??]
????????
[????????]??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?-????????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?-????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ???, ????, ???????, ???? ???,?????, ?????????, ??????????, ????, ??????, ????? ???????, ???????, ?????????, ????????, ??????? ????, ?????????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ????
??????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????, ????????, ????, ??????????, ??????? ? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????? ? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ????; ???????? ????????????? ?? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????????????? ? ????????? ?????? ?????
???? ??????, ?????????? ? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ? ???????? ??? ???? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??????, ????????, ? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ???????
????? ????????
[????????]- ??????? ???? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????: ???????? ????????????
???????????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ????????, ??? ??????? ??????????-????????? ?????? ????????????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????? (??? ?: ?? – ?: ??) ??? ???????? ???????? (??? ?: ?? – ?: ??)-? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ???????, ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ????????, ???? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ????????? (??? ?: ?) ???? ?????????? ?????? ???: "?? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????, ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ???????, ???? ??????????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ???" ????? ????-????????? ????? ????? ??????????? ????? ??? ? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????, ??? ?????????? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????? ?????????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????[??]
???? ?????????? ??? ????, ????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????????-????????? ????????????????? ??????? ?????[??] ???????? ???????? ???????, ??????? ??????? (????????) ??????, ??????? ? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???, ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ?????[??] ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????
??????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ????; ???????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????????????
?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ? ????? ??????????? ???? ???? ?????????? ??????????????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ????????????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ???? ???????????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ???; ?? ?????? ????????? ??????? ? ??????????????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????[??]
??????????? ????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ????, ?????, ???? ????, ?????????, ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????????, ????????? ? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ????[??]
??????? ???????
[????????]
?? ??? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????, ?????? ???? ??????? ? ???????????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ??????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???????????? ????? ????????, ?????? ? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????????
???? ???????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???????????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ?????????? ? ???????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ??????? ? ????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???; ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ? ?????????? ???????? ????????
???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? (????? ??????? ???? ????), ???, ???????, ???? ? ??????; ??????? ???? ?????????? ?????, ????? ??? ? ????? ???? ?????????, ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ? ????????????????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????????; ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????-??????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????, ??????? ? ???????????? ???? ? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????, ????? ? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????
????? ????? ????? ? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????: ???????? b?che de No?l ?? ??????? panettone? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ???????, ???????? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????
????????
[????????]
?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????-?????????? ????, ????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????, ?? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ? ??? ??????? ?????? "???, ???? ? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????, ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ???"[??] ??????? ??????? ????????, ????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????; ??? ??????? (?????????? ????????) ? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ???; ?? ?????? ??????????????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???????[??]
?????????? ??? ????????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????[??] ????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ??????? ????-?? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ????[??]
???????? ????? ? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????? ? ????????????? ??????????????? ????????; ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ????????[??] ?????? ?????? "Christmas tree" ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????[??] ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???, ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????????[??] ???? ?????? ???, ?? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????????[??][??] ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???????????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????[??] ????-?? ???? ??????? ?????????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????[??] ???????? ????? ????????? ? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????
?????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ???, ??????, ??? ???????????, ? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????
.jpg)
????????????, ????? ? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????????, ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????, ?????????, ? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ??????[??]
????????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?? ???????-??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ?????, ???????, ???????? ?????, ????, ??? ? ????????????
???? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????????? ?? ?? ???? ?????????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???, ???????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? (???????), ????? ??? ? ????? ?????????
?????? ? ???????
[????????]
????????? ?? ????? ?????????? ????????????????? ?????? ????, ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???? Veni redemptor gentium ??????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????????????? (?????? ??? ????.) ???? Corde natus ex Parentis (Of the Father's love begotten) ????????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ????[??]
??? ? ??? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????????? "??????????" ?? "?????" ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????
???????? ????????? ???????, ????????, ??? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ????[??] ?????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ??????? "???????? ?? ????????" ???????????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????[??] ?? ????????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ??? ????, ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? "???????? ????" ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ????? "Personent hodie", "Good King Wenceslas", ??? "The Holly and the Ivy" ??????????? ????????? ????? ????? ????????????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? Adeste Fidelis (O Come all ye faithful) ????????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????; ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????
????? ?????? ????????????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????????????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??? "Hark! How All the Welkin Rings"; ???????? ?????? ??????? "Hark! the Herald Angels Sing".[??] ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????????? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ???????????? ??? ? ??????? ?? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? "Silent Night" ?????????? ???????? ??. ????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? (????) ??????? ?????? ????-??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????.[??]
??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? "??? ??? ???"? ???????? "?????? ????" ?????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ? ??????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????????????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??????-?? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ?????????? ? ??????? ???????
?????
[????????]
?????????? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ???? ? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ???????? ??????????????? ?????? ?? "?????? ?????????? ? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ????" ("wishing you a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year")? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????????????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????, ?????, ????????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ????, ????? ???????? "????’? ????????"-?? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????
?????? ???? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????????-?????? ???????????? ??????, ???? ?????????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ?????, ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????, ?? ???????? ????? ???????????? ???????, ??? ? ????, ??? ???? ???? ?????, ???????????? ???? ??????????????, ?????????? ? ??????????? ????? ??????????????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????
????????
[????????]???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ??? ? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????
???? ???? ??????????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ????? "XMAS 1898" ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ????? ? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? "???????? ???????? ?????????" ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????-???????? ?????? ???; ?????? ????? ???: ??? ???? ? ?????????? ????, ????????? ? ????, ??????? ????? ? ????, ??? ?? ?? ? ?????
???????????? ??? ??????? ? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??????????-?????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????
?????????? ? ???????? ????? ??????????
[????????]
???? ????? ?????? ??????????? ? ??????????????? ????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ? ????? ???????????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? ? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????????? ?? ??????????, ???? ??????, ? ?????????????; ????? ??????? ?? ????????????; ??????????????; ????? ????????; ??????????; ?????? ??????; ????? ?????; ??? ????? ???????
?????????? ?? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??? ???????????? ????? ???????; ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ????????, ???? ? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ? ???????? ????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????, ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????; ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ????? ????????? ??? ????????????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ????????????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? (Christ Child) ?? Christkindl (?????? ???????? ????? ????????) ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?????????? ?????????????[??]
???? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ??? ???????-???????? ??????????? ???? ??????? (????–????)? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ????????? ????? ?-????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ?????????? ???? ??? ??? ???????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????????? ????????[??] ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????? ????? ??? Sancte Claus-?? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???????????? ????????? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ?????[??] ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ???????????? ??? ????, ???????????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????[??] ???? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ???????????? ??? ??????? ????-?? ???? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????????? ???? ???? ???????? ????-?? ???? ??????????????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????[??]
?????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????, ?????????? ? ??????????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???????????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ? ???????? ??????[??] ???????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????; ????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????????????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???, ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????????????; ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????, ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????
????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????; ?? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????[??] ????????, ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???????????? "??????????? ??????, ??????????? ? ???????"? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????????????? ???? ?????? ????[??] ???? ???? ???? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ???[??] ??? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ??. ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????????? ????????? ???? ??? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????[??]
??????????? ? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????, ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ???; ????? ????? ????? ???? ???????????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ? ??????? ???? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ????????
????? ?????/???????? (?????), ??????????, ??? ????????, ?????? ????????, ????????, ???????????, ??????????? ? ?????????????? ?????????????? (??? ?????? Je?í?ek, ???????????? ?????? Jézuska, ??????? ?????? Je?i?ko) ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ? ????????????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ? ???????? ????????, ???????? ? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ? ???????? ????? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ?????, ??? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ???????????? ?????[??]
????????
[????????]
???? ????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????, ????????? ??????? ? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???????????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????????????-?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? (?? ???????) ???????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ????????????? ??-? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ???? ????????????? ????????? ????? ??-????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ????[??] ???????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????, ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??.? ??????? ??????? ????; ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??.? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? – ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????? ?.? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?.? ????????[??] ???????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ????????????? ??? ?.? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??.? ??????? ??? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???? ????????[??]
??????? ????????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????????????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ? ??????? ?????????? ?? (???????) ??????? ???? ???????, ???????? ??? ?? ??? ????????????? ???? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????????, ?????????? ? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????
??????
[????????]???????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ??????, ?? ????????? ??? ?-????????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????????, ??????????? ?????????? (????–????) ??????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???, ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???, ??? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? ????[??][??]
????????????? ???????????, ?? ??????????????????? ?????? ???????? ???, ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????[??][??][??] ??? ???? ???????? ????????? ??????, ???? ???? ???????????????? ????? ?? ??????????? ??? ??????? ???????????????? ????? ?? ???? ???????, ???????? ???????? ???????????? ???? ????? ???, ???????? ?-??????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ????????[??][??]
???????'? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???????, ???? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ?????????????? ????[??] ???????, ???????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????[??] ??? ?????????????? ?????????, ??????????? ??? ??????????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????[??]
???? ????????? ??? ??????????, ???? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ? ?? ???????, ?????? ??? ?? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???? (?? ???? "?????????? ???????? ?????" ??? ?????? ???)?[??] ??? ??????????? ????, "????????" ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????, ??????? ??? ?? ?????????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????????, ????? ????????, ????? (?????? ?????), ??? ???????? ?????? ? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?????[??]
?????????????, ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????? ???? ????, ?? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????????????? ??? ??????? ????[??] ???????????? ??? ????????, ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????, ?? ?????? ??????? ??? "????????" ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ???????[??][??][??] ???? ????, ?????????????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ??????????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ???? ???????? ????????? (??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????????? ???) ????? ??????? ????? ??????[??]
???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????, ?????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????, ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????[??]
????? ?????????????? ????? ??????? atheism ?????? ???[??] ??? ? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????[??] ???? ????? ?????????, ??????????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???; ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????[??][??]
????????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????????????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ??????????? ???? ????? ?????????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???, ??? ????? ? ?????????? ????, ??? ???? ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????, ???? ???????? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ???? ?????????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ????????????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????, ???????????? ?????????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????????? ???? ???? [??]
__LEAD_SECTION__
[????????]
????????????, ?? ???????? ????? ??????, ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ????
???????? ?????, ??????? ?????, ?????????? ?????, ????????? ????? ??? ???? ????????? ??????? ????, ???????????? 24 ???????? ??????????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???, ?? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ????? [??][??][??][??] ??? ???? ?????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??? ???, ??? ???????????? ???, ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????????, ???????? ?? ??????????????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ? ????????? ??????????? ???? ???? ??? - ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? [??][??]
???? ?????????? ???????????, ???????????? ???????????? (?????????????? ???? ???) ?? ??????? ????????????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???, ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? (?? ????????), ????? ???????? ?? (?? ????????), ??????????? (?? ????????), ???????? ???? ??? (?? ????????), ????????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ( ? ????????? ), ??? ?????? ???????? ???? (????? ????????? ???)? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? (? ????????? ???????) ???????? [??]
???????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????, ????? ??????, ???? ????? ??????, ??????? ???????,[??] ??? ????? ????? ??????, ???? ???????? ??? ? [??] ???????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? "??? ?????? ??? ??? ??????!" ??? ????? ?????????? ??????? "????????? ????!", ??? ?????? ?????? "????? ?????????? ????!" [??][??]
??? ?????
[????????]- ???????? ????????????
- ???????? ??????
- ?????? ??????
- ????? ?????
- ???? ??????
- ????????? ??????
- ???????
- ???????????? ???? ???
- ?????????
?????????
[????????]- ↑ ? ? Christmas as a Multi-faith Festival—BBC News. Retrieved September 30, 2008.
- ↑ "How December 25 Became Christmas, Biblical Archaeology Review, Retrieved 2025-08-08"? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????
- ↑ "Christmas ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???? ??????", Encarta
Roll, Susan K., Toward the Origins of Christmas, (Peeters Publishers, 1995), p.130.
Tighe, William J., "Calculating Christmas". Archived 2025-08-08. - ↑ Newton, Isaac, Observations on the Prophecies of Daniel, and the Apocalypse of St. John (1733). Ch. XI.
A sun connection is possible because Christians consider Jesus to be the "sun of righteousness" prophesied in Malachi 4:2. - ↑ "The Christmas Season"? CRI / Voice, Institute? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????
- ↑ Non-Christians focus on secular side of Christmas — Sioux City Journal. Retrieved November 18, 2009.
- ↑ "Poll: In a changing nation, Santa endures" ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????, Associated Press, December 22, 2006. Retrieved November 18, 2009.
- ↑ "Oxford English Dictionary"? ? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????
- ↑ ??????? ?????????? ????? ??????, ?????????? ????? ???????, ??????, ????, ??. ???
- ↑ "???? ????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????"? BBC ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????
- ↑ Luke 2:1–6
- ↑ Geza Vermes, The Nativity: History and Legend, London, Penguin, 2006, p22.; E. P. Sanders, The Historical Figure of Jesus, 1993, p.85.
- ↑ ??? ?: ??? ???
- ↑ Krug, Nora. "Little Towns of Bethlehem"[??????????? ???????? ?????], The New York Times, November 25, 2005.
- ↑ Matthew 2:1–11
- ↑ Miles, Clement A, Christmas customs and traditions, Courier Dover Publications, 1976, ???????? ?-???-?????-?, p. 272
- ↑ Heller, Ruth, Christmas: Its Carols, Customs & Legends, Alfred Publishing (1985), ???????? ?-????-????-?, p. 12
- ↑ Collins, Ace, Stories Behind the Great Traditions of Christmas, Zondervan, (2003), ???????? ?-???-?????-? p.47
- ↑ Collins p. 83
- ↑ ? ? van Renterghem, Tony. When Santa was a shaman. St. Paul: Llewellyn Publications, 1995. ???????? ?-?????-???-X
- ↑ ? ? Harper, Douglas, Christ, Online Etymology Dictionary, 2001.
- ↑ "The Chronological History of the Christmas Tree"? The Christmas Archives? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????
- ↑ "Christmas Tradition - The Christmas Tree Custom"? Fashion Era? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????
- ↑ Lejeune, Marie Claire. Compendium of symbolic and ritual plants in Europe, p.550. University of Michigan ???????? ??-?????-??-?
- ↑ Shoemaker, Alfred Lewis. (1959) Christmas in Pennsylvania: a folk-cultural study. Edition 40. pp. 52, 53. Stackpole Books 1999. ???????? ?-????-????-?.
- ↑ Murray, Brian. "Christmas lights and community building in America," ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? History Matters, Spring 2006.
- ↑ Miles, Clement, Christmas customs and traditions, Courier Dover Publications, 1976, ???????? ?-???-?????-?, p.32
- ↑ Miles, pp. 31-37
- ↑ Miles, pp. 47-48
- ↑ Dudley-Smith, Timothy (????)? A Flame of Love? London: Triangle/SPCK? ???????? ?-???-?????-??
- ↑ Richard Michael Kelly. A Christmas carol p.10. Broadview Press, 2003 ???????? ?-?????-???-?
- ↑ Forbes, Bruce David, Christmas: a candid history, University of California Press, 2007, ???????? ?-???-?????-?, pp. 68-79.
- ↑ "Saint Nicholas, Sinterklaas, Santa Claus"? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????
- ↑ John Steele Gordon, The Great Game: The Emergence of Wall Street as a World Power: 1653-2000 (Scribner) 1999.
- ↑ Forbes, Bruce David, Christmas: a candid history, pp. 80-81.
- ↑ Mikkelson, Barbara and David P., "The Claus That Refreshes", Snopes.com, 2006.
- ↑ "History of the Society"? The Saint Nicholas Society of the City of New York? ? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ? ???????? ?????
{{????? ???????}}: ????????? ???? ????? ??????????? ??????:|coauthors=(???????) - ↑ Jones, Charles W., "Knickerbocker Santa Claus", The New-York Historical Society Quarterly, ???? XXXVIII ?? 4.
- ↑ Charles W. Jones, Saint Nicholas of Myra, Bari, and Manhattan: Biography of a Legend (Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1978).
- ↑ Hageman, Howard G. (????), "Review of Saint Nicholas of Myra, Bari, and Manhattan: Biography of a Legend", Theology Today, ???? ?? ?? 3, Princeton: Princeton Theological Seminary, ? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????, ???????? ????? ? ???????? ????.
- ↑ Matera, Mariane. "Santa: The First Great Lie" ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ???? ??????, Citybeat, Issue 304
- ↑ Gwen Outen (? ???????? ????)? "ECONOMICS REPORT - Holiday Shopping Season in the U.S."? Voice Of America?
- ↑ US Census Bureau. "Facts. The Holiday Season" ????????? ?????? ?????????? ? ?? ???? ?????? December 19, 2005. (accessed Nov 30 2009)
- ↑ US Census 2005
- ↑ "Marta Pati?o, The Puritan Ban on Christmas"? Timetravel-britain.com? ? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????????? ?????
- ↑ Christmas in the Colonies ????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??, ???? ?????? Time. Retrieved December 25, 2011.
- ↑ Anon (?? ?? ????)? "Bank Holiday Fact File" (??????)? TUC press release? TUC? ? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? (??????) ??????????? ???????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????
- ↑ Daniels, Bruce Colin (1995). Puritans at Play: Leisure and Recreation in Colonial New England. Macmillan, p. 89, ???????? ???-?-???-?????-?
- ↑ Roark, James; Johnson, Michael; Cohen, Patricia; Stage, Sarah; Lawson, Alan; Hartmann, Susan (????)? Understanding the American Promise: A History, Volume I: To 1877? Bedford/St. Martin's? ??. ???
- ↑ "The Regulative Principle of Worship"? Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????
- ↑ Minutes of Session of 1905? Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America? ????? ??. ???? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????
- ↑ "Witnesses: Jehovah's Witnesses at a glance"? BBC? ?? ?????????? ????? ???????? ????? ? ???????? ?????
- ↑ Goldberg, Carey (? ????????? ????)? "A Russian Christmas—Better Late Than Never: Soviet Union: Orthodox Church Celebration Is the First Under Communists. But, as with Most of Yeltsin's Pronouncements, the Holiday Stirs a Controversy"? Los Angeles Times? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?????
- ↑ Woolf, Nicky (?? ???????? ????)? "Christmas celebrations banned in Somalia, Tajikistan and Brunei"? The Guardian? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?????
- ↑ "ACLJ, Christmas laws"? Aclj.org? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????
- ↑ Aliweiwi, Jehad (?? ??????? ????)? "A Christmas Tree or a Holiday Tree?"? Muslim Canadian Congress? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? (previous title: "Christmas controversy article")
- ↑ Feder, Don, "In the culture, Christmas morphs into holiday" ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??, ???? ??????, Jewish World Review, December 13, 2000.
- ↑ "The Brits Have It Right: Forget Happy Holidays, Just Wish People Merry Christmas"? The Guardian? London? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????
- ↑ Jankowski, Paul (?? ????? ????)? "Is Saying 'Merry Christmas' Politically Correct? Who Cares?"? Forbes? ? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?????
- ↑ Taylor, Christopher Stuart (?? ????? ????)? "If We Can't Say 'Merry Christmas' in Canada, Multiculturalism Failed"? HuffPost? ?? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?????
- ↑ "Lynch vs. Donnelly"? Belcher Foundation? ????? ?? ??????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????
- ↑ Mujahid, Abdul Malik. "Treating Christmas with respect", Sound Vision. ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?, ???? ??????.
- ↑ Dillon, Michael (????)? Religious Minorities and China (??????)? Minority Rights Group International? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????
- ↑ Buang, Sa'eda; Chew, Phyllis Ghim-Lian (? ?? ????)? Muslim Education in the 21st Century: Asian Perspectives? Routledge? ??. ??? ???????? ???-?-???-?????-??
- ↑ "Alarm over China's Church crackdown"? BBC? ?? ???????? ????? ? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????
- ↑ "Santa Claus won't be coming to this town, as Chinese officials ban Christmas"? South China Morning Post? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????
- ↑ "??? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????"? BBC ?????? ?? ???????? ?????
- ↑ Satter, James (?? ????? ????)? Lutheran Handbook (English ??????)? Augsburg Books? ???????? ???-?-????-????-??
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???? (?????) - ↑ ? ? Hickman, Hoyt Leon (? ?????? ????)? United Methodist Altars? Abingdon Press? ???????? ???-?-????????-?? ???????? ????? ? ????????? ?????
- ↑ "Introduction to Christmas Season"? General Board of Discipleship (GBOD)? The United Methodist Church? ????? ? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ? ????????? ?????
Christmas is a season of praise and thanksgiving for the incarnation of God in Jesus Christ, which begins with Christmas Eve (December 24 after sundown) or Day and continues through the Day of Epiphany. The name Christmas comes from the season's first service, the Christ Mass. Epiphany comes from the Greek word epiphania, which means "manifestation." New Year's Eve or Day is often celebrated in the United Methodist tradition with a Covenant Renewal Service. In addition to acts and services of worship for the Christmas Season on the following pages, see The Great Thanksgivings and the scripture readings for the Christmas Season in the lectionary.... Signs of the season include a Chrismon tree, a nativity scene (include the magi on the Day of Epiphany), a Christmas star, angels, poinsettias, and roses.
- ↑ Mangan, Louise; Wyse, Nancy (????)? Rediscovering the Seasons of the Christian Year? Wood Lake Publishing Inc.? ??. ??? ???????? ??????????????
- ↑ Pennick, Nigel (?? ?? ????)? Pagan Magic of the Northern Tradition: Customs, Rites, and Ceremonies? Inner Traditions – Bear & Company? ??. ???? ???????? ??????????????
- ↑ Wickham, Glynne (? ?????????? ????)? Plays and their Makers up to 1576 (?????? ??????)? Routledge? ??. ??? ???????? ??????????????
- ↑ Bharati, Agehanada (? ????????? ????)? Ideas and Actions (?????? ??????)? Walter de Gruyter? ??. ???? ???????? ??????????????
- ↑ Nair, Malini (?? ???????? ????)? "Cakewalk in Allahabad"? The Times of India? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?????
Around early December, an unusual kind of pilgrim starts to take the Prayag Raj from Delhi to Allahabad: the devout worshipper of the Allahabadi Christmas cake. This is no elegant western pudding — it is redolent with desi ghee, petha, ginger, nutmeg, javitri, saunf, cinnamon, something called cake ka jeera and marmalades from Loknath ki Galli. All this is browned to perfection at a bakery that has acquired cult status — Bushy's on Kanpur Road.
- ↑ Dice, Elizabeth A. (????)? Christmas and Hanukkah (?????? ??????)? Infobase Publishing? ??. ??? ???????? ??????????????
- ↑ Ruprecht, Tony (?? ???????? ????)? Toronto's Many Faces (?????? ??????)? Dundurn? ??. ???? ???????? ??????????????
??? ?????
[????????]- Restad, Penne L. (????)? Christmas in America: A History? New York: Oxford University Press? ???????? ?-??-??????-??
- The Battle for Christmas, by Stephen Nissenbaum (1996; New York: Vintage Books, 1997). ???????? ?-???-?????-?
- The Origins of Christmas, by Joseph F. Kelly (August 2004: Liturgical Press) ???????? ???-?-????-????-?
- Christmas Customs and Traditions, by Clement A. Miles (1976: Dover Publications) ???????? ???-?-???-?????-?
- The World Encyclopedia of Christmas, by Gerry Bowler (October 2004: McClelland & Stewart) ???????? ???-?-????-????-?
- Santa Claus: A Biography, by Gerry Bowler (November 2007: McClelland & Stewart) ???????? ???-?-????-????-?
- There Really Is a Santa Claus: The History of St. Nicholas & Christmas Holiday Traditions, by William J. Federer (December 2002: Amerisearch) ???????? ???-?-???????-?-?
- St. Nicholas: A Closer Look at Christmas, by Jim Rosenthal (July 2006: Nelson Reference) ???????? ?-????-????-?
- Just say Noel: A History of Christmas from the Nativity to the Nineties, by David Comfort (November 1995: Fireside) ???????? ???-?-???-?????-?
- 4000 Years of Christmas: A Gift from the Ages, by Earl W. Count (November 1997: Ulysses Press) ???????? ???-?-?????-???-?
- Sammons, Peter (?? ????)? The Birth of Christ? Glory to Glory Publications (UK)? ???????? ?-???????-?-??
?????????
[????????]
